The authority will then keep the fines for its own purposes including one presumes paying salaries to staff

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The authority will then keep the fines for its own purposes, including, one presumes, paying salaries to staff. Finally, the Government wants the "civil standard" of proof to determine whether someone has broken the rules, with the primary aim of making it easier to levy the fines.The rules are, quite simply, unacceptable in any society which seeks to protect the rights of the individual. Indeed, the draft Financial Services and Markets Bill gives the authority the ability to impose unlimited fines on any person, not just those who are regulated by the authority. The fines will be for contravening the rules that the authority has drawn up. Sir: Your comment on the Financial Services Authority (Outlook, 18 November) makes a fundamental error in summarising the objections to the authority's proposed powers. These are considerable greater than the powers of existing regulators. "Parastatals" are government bodies participating in commerce, usually as monopolies for essential imports.

These were a licence to print money for their executives.While the blame for poverty rests with the countries involved, Britain cannot avoid our share of the blame.W R HAINESShrewsbury,Shropshire. A former president of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere, said that Western bankers urged his country to borrow money at one interest rate and then increased the rate, sometimes doubling it. In the 1960s many politicians and civil servants came to Britain where they learned from the fashionable economists of the time that "parastatals" were the answer for their country. Sir: Clare Short is quoted as saying that "poverty is not all the fault of evil Western bankers"("Short chides church on debt relief", 19 November) Yet the West is to blame as well. You're fired".Selection over election, whether it be onto a party list, or onto a reformed upper house, may not produce such fighters.ELIZABETH MELIABristol.

The hereditary peers must go because a place in the legisla- ture based on birthright is no longer acceptable. That today is a time for reform should not blind us from the fact that over a great many yesterdays hereditary peers and their ancestors have given time, effort and expertise to the legislative process.Surely humanity demands that they be dismissed with a "thank-you" rather than a "get out. Sir: When the day on which the hereditary peers finally lose their right to sit in the House of Lords dawns, I hope that it is made clear that they are losing their places not because they had the arrogance to be born upper-class, nor because they had the audacity to understand their role in the upper chamber to include drawing the public and the Commons' attention to any areas in Bills they felt were unconscionable, or at least gave cause for concern. Now, you can only misspell Cooke one important way, as Cook, but even so, I am willing to bet (as someone who has had his life prolonged by being called Kingston so often) that if Alastair Cooke were John Smith, he would be the late John Smith, and I wouldn't be saying Happy Birthday, Old Chap.. For instance, I have a friend called Alasdair Riley, whose names can be variously spelt wrongly Alastair, Alistair, Alisdair, Reilly, Rahilly, O'Riley etc...The wrong combinations far outnumber the right one, and all of them cause a slight flow of adrenalin, which keeps him going effortlessly. By which I mean that half the people in Britain could not name one of Henry VIII's wives, and the other half - the half that train themselves for pub quizzes - could name them all in order, and the manner of their deaths.)But I fancy that Cooke's longevity is also due to something much simpler To the fact that he has a name which is easy to spell wrong. that all the primary elections first took place because most Americans had no idea what the candidates looked like or stood for, and wanted to see them in person in ther neck of the woods.(A lot of what I know about American history has been picked up from Alastair Cooke, who does for America what pub quizzes do for England. One of his most memorable talks (for me) was an explanation of the present Presidential election system in terms of how bad travel was when it was first invented - i.e.